Which inspired latin american revolutionaries

The Argentine War of Independence started with the May Revolution and other military campaigns with mixed success. The undesired outcomes of the Paraguay and Upper Peru campaigns led the Junta the provisional government after the May Revolution to be replaced by an executive Triumvirate in September They appointed him a lieutenant colonel of cavalry and asked him to create a cavalry unit, as Buenos Aires did not have good cavalry.

This would place him in Peru without crossing the harsh terrain of Upper Peru, where two campaigns had already been defeated.

To advance this plan, he requested the governorship of the Cuyo province, which was accepted. He drafted all citizens who could bear arms and all slaves from ages 16 to 30, requested reinforcements to Buenos Aires, and reorganized the economy for war production. That way, they would be acting as a sovereign nation and not as a mere rebellion, but the proposal never was accepted.

He included the Chileans who escaped Chile after the disaster of Rancagua, and organized them in four units: infantry, cavalry, artillery, and dragoons. At the end of , the Army of the Andes had 5, men, 10, mules, and 1, horses.

San Martin organized military intelligence, propaganda, and disinformation to confuse the royalist armies such as the specific routes taken in the Andes , boost the national fervor of his army, and promote desertion among the royalists. In December , a popular referendum was set up to decide about the Independence of Chile. On February 18, , the first anniversary of the battle of Chacabuco, Chile declared its independence from the Spanish Crown.

To begin the liberation of Peru, Argentina and Chile signed a treaty on February 5, , to prepare for the invasion. The signing of the Act of Independence of Peru was held on July 15, He was appointed Protector of Peru. Both men had very different ideas about how to organize the governments of the countries that they had liberated.

Soon afterward, he left South America entirely and retired in France. The real conference took place inside an office, and not in the countryside as the portrait suggests. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Change in the Americas. Search for:. The South American Revolutions.

The Spread of Revolution The Latin American Wars of Independence, which took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, were deeply influenced by the American and French Revolutions and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. Key Takeaways Key Points The revolutionary fervor of the 18th century, influenced by Enlightenment ideals of liberty and equality, resulted in massive political upheaval across the world, starting with the American Revolution in and the French Revolution in The principles expounded by the revolutionaries in Europe and their political success in overthrowing the autocratic rule of the monarchy inspired similar movements in Latin America, first in Haiti then the French colony of Saint Domingue , whose revolution began just two years after the start of the French Revolution.

At first, the white settler-colonists were inspired by the French Revolution to gain independent control over their colonies, but soon the revolution became centered on a slave-led rebellion against slavery and colonization, a trend that would continue throughout the America with varying degrees of success. Soon after the French Revolution and its resulting political instability, Napoleon Bonaparte took power, further destabilizing the Latin American colonies and leading to more revolution.

The Peninsular War, which resulted from the Napoleonic occupation of Spain, caused Spanish Creoles in Spanish America to question their allegiance to Spain, stoking independence movements that culminated in the wars of independence, which lasted almost two decades. They were largely bourgeois criollos local-born people of European, mostly of Spanish or Portuguese, ancestry influenced by liberalism and in most cases with military training in the metropole mother country.

Napoleonic wars : A series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, primarily led and financed by the United Kingdom.

The wars resulted from the unresolved disputes associated with the French Revolution and the Revolutionary Wars, which raged for years before concluding with the Treaty of Amiens in The resumption of hostilities the following year paved the way for more than a decade of constant warfare. Haitian Revolution : A successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial insurrection that took place in the former French colony of Saint Domingue from until Throughout his military career, he also lead efforts to oust Spanish rulers from Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

The war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in , and escalated in when France turned on Spain, its previous ally. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in , and is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation, significant for the emergence of large-scale guerrilla warfare.

Creole : A social class in the hierarchy of the overseas colonies established by Spain in the 16th century, especially in Hispanic America, comprising the locally born people of confirmed European primarily Spanish ancestry. Although they were legally Spaniards, in practice, they ranked below the Iberian-born Peninsulares. Nevertheless, they had preeminence over all the other populations: Amerindians, enslaved Africans, and people of mixed descent.

Gran Colombia : A name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from to Today I cease to govern you. I have served you for twenty years as soldier and leader. During this long period we have taken back our country, liberated three republics, fomented many civil wars, and four times I have returned to the people their omnipotence, convening personally four constitutional congresses.

These services were inspired by your virtues, your courage, and your patriotism; mine is the great privilege of having governed you…. Gather around the constitutional congress.

It represents the wisdom of the nation, the legitimate hope of the people, and the final point of reunion of the patriots. Its sovereign decrees will determine our lives, the happiness of the Republic, and the glory of Colombia. Fellow Countrymen! Hear my final plea as I end my political career; in the name of Colombia I ask you, beg you, to remain united, lest you become the assassins of the country and your own executioners.

A portrait of Father Miguel Hidalgo, a leader of the Mexican independence movement who was eventually captured and executed. An excerpt from J. A map created by Michael Siegel that places major battles of the Haitian Revolution during the years to Loraine Petre, published in The Boston Tea Party.

Spanish Missions in California. Creating the US Constitution. Shays' Rebellion. Women in the American Revolution.

Social consequences of revolutionary ideals. Latin American independence movements. Practice: Social consequences of revolutionary ideals. Next lesson. Current timeTotal duration Google Classroom Facebook Twitter. Video transcript - This is a map of what the Americas looked like at around the year And as you can see, it was for the most part, divided as colonies by a bunch of European powers. Most prominent is Spain.

You can see in this peach brownish color, it had control all the way south as modern-day Chile and Argentina and all the way as far north as modern-day Texas and California. You also see significant control by the Portuguese in what will eventually be Brazil. The French have at this point some territory, especially in North America and in several islands in the Caribbean and the British, of course, have control along the east coast of North America.

And they also have several islands in the Caribbean and the Atlantic. As we fast forward years, we're going to see a dramatic change. Notice roughly a hundred years later, most of what used to be these European colonies have now achieved independence.